NTPsec

NTP4: SecureSync, Rubidium, NTP (Classic)
Six Hour - October 30, 2026 11:00 UTC

Report generated: Fri Oct 30 11:01:49 2026 UTC
Start Time: Fri Oct 30 05:01:49 2026 UTC
End Time: Fri Oct 30 11:01:49 2026 UTC
Report Period: 0.2 days

Return to It's About Time

Section Time Frame NTP Server
Local Clock Time/Frequency Offsets One Hour NTP0: x86 SBC, NTPSec, NTP-disciplined (stratum 2)
Local RMS Time Jitter Three Hour NTP1: RPi4B, Uputronics M8, NTPSec
Local RMS Frequency Jitter Six Hour NTP2: CM4, Bollar ZED-F9T, NTPSec
Local Clock Time Offset Histogram Twelve Hour NTP3: CM5, TimeHat LEA-M8T, NTPSec
Local Temperatures One Day NTP4: SecureSync, Rubidium, NTP (Classic)
Local Frequency/Temp Two Day NTP5: RPi3B+, Uputronics MAX-M8Q, NTPSec
Local GPS Three Day NTP6: CM4, TimeBeat OTC Mini, PTP
Server Offsets Seven Day NTP7: LeoNTP, Standalone GNSS, Firmware
Server Jitters Fourteen Day (Updated Daily)
Summary One Month (Updated Daily)
NTPQ Stats
GNSS Performance

NTP4 is a Safran SecureSync 1200 appliance with a Rubidium oscillator and u-blox timing GNSS receiver. It is used as a highly stable atomic reference clock for the network.

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Local Clock Time/Frequency Offsets

local offset plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Time Offset -10.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.998 1.000 46.998 1.998 3.000 1.440 -0.006 µs 19.54 544.1
Local Clock Frequency Offset 21.677 21.677 21.678 21.680 21.690 21.691 21.704 0.0120 0.0140 0.0046 21.683 ppm 0.5423 1.903

The time and frequency offsets between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock. Showing frequency offset (red, in parts per million, scale on right) and the time offset (blue, in μs, scale on left). Quick changes in time offset will lead to larger frequency offsets.

These are fields 3 (time) and 4 (frequency) from the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Time Jitter

local jitter plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Time Jitter 0.954 0.955 0.958 0.972 2.874 10.959 25.464 1.916 10.004 1.809 1.364 µs 6.816 59.69

The RMS Jitter of the local clock offset. In other words, how fast the local clock offset is changing.

Lower is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0μs.

RMS jitter is field 5 in the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Frequency Jitter

local stability plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 0.037 0.059 0.092 0.199 0.929 3.636 8.115 0.837 3.577 0.625 0.323 ppb 6.513 54.79

The RMS Frequency Jitter (aka wander) of the local clock's frequency. In other words, how fast the local clock changes frequency.

Lower is better. An ideal clock would be a horizontal line at 0ppm.

RMS Frequency Jitter is field 6 in the loopstats log file.



Local Clock Time Offset Histogram

local offset histogram plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Offset -10.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.998 1.000 46.998 1.998 3.000 1.440 -0.006 µs 19.54 544.1

The clock offsets of the local clock as a histogram.

The Local Clock Offset is field 3 from the loopstats log file.



Local Temperatures

local temps plot

Local temperatures. These will be site-specific depending upon what temperature sensors you collect data from. Temperature changes affect the local clock crystal frequency and stability. The math of how temperature changes frequency is complex, and also depends on crystal aging. So there is no easy way to correct for it in software. This is the single most important component of frequency drift.

The Local Temperatures are from field 3 from the tempstats log file.



Local Frequency/Temp

local freq temps plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Frequency Offset 21.677 21.677 21.678 21.680 21.690 21.691 21.704 0.0120 0.0140 0.0046 21.683 ppm 0.5423 1.903
Temp BOARD 51.000 51.000 51.000 51.880 52.880 52.880 52.880 1.880 1.880 0.426 51.949 °C
Temp CPU 51.000 51.120 52.000 52.250 52.620 52.880 52.880 0.620 1.760 0.277 52.246 °C
Temp OSC 42.620 42.630 42.650 42.700 42.750 42.770 42.790 0.100 0.140 0.031 42.702 °C

The frequency offsets and temperatures. Showing frequency offset (red, in parts per million, scale on right) and the temperatures.

These are field 4 (frequency) from the loopstats log file, and field 3 from the tempstats log file.



Local GPS

local gps plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
nSats 14.000 14.000 15.000 17.000 19.000 19.000 19.000 4.000 5.000 0.979 17.067 nSat -0.3296 3.18
TDOP 0.230 0.230 0.230 0.240 0.250 0.270 0.270 0.020 0.040 0.007 0.243 1.309 5.962

Local GPS. The Time Dilution of Precision (TDOP) is plotted in blue. The number of visible satellites (nSat) is plotted in red.

TDOP is field 3, and nSats is field 4, from the gpsd log file. The gpsd log file is created by the ntploggps program.

TDOP is a dimensionless error factor. Smaller numbers are better. TDOP ranges from 1 (ideal), 2 to 5 (good), to greater than 20 (poor). Some GNSS receivers report TDOP less than one which is theoretically impossible.



Server Offsets

peer offsets plot

The offset of all refclocks and servers. This can be useful to see if offset changes are happening in a single clock or all clocks together.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.100

peer offset 10.0.50.100 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.100 11.142 19.931 25.521 34.060 41.134 41.700 42.471 15.613 21.769 5.166 34.210 µs -0.6542 3.74

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.20

peer offset 10.0.50.20 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.20 -14.407 -11.705 7.682 23.133 32.270 34.070 36.967 24.588 45.775 9.163 21.636 µs -1.02 4.349

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.200

peer offset 10.0.50.200 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.200 -35.183 -16.016 3.615 50.404 85.109 98.321 104.805 81.494 114.337 26.943 47.037 µs -0.3198 2.391

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.30

peer offset 10.0.50.30 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.30 -32.547 -10.719 42.178 47.795 57.432 60.000 61.544 15.254 70.719 8.013 47.259 µs -5.964 53.23

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.40

peer offset 10.0.50.40 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.40 -9.119 -3.939 14.522 22.583 33.259 35.457 36.285 18.737 39.396 6.125 22.360 µs -1.119 8.071

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.50

peer offset 10.0.50.50 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.50 1.681 28.348 38.162 55.304 72.558 85.103 101.473 34.396 56.755 10.950 55.512 µs -0.005006 4.853

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Refclock Offset 127.127.45.0

peer offset 127.127.45.0 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Refclock Offset 127.127.45.0 -10.001 -2.001 -1.001 -0.001 0.999 1.000 46.999 2.000 3.001 1.440 -0.007 µs 19.53 544

The offset of a local refclock in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local serial GPS 200 ms; local PPS 20µs.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitters

peer jitters plot

The RMS Jitter of all refclocks and servers. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.100

peer jitter 10.0.50.100 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.100 0.954 1.218 1.596 6.988 15.154 20.514 28.004 13.558 19.296 4.494 7.266 µs 0.9403 4.539

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.20

peer jitter 10.0.50.20 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.20 1.464 2.242 4.235 9.102 18.796 34.803 37.327 14.561 32.561 5.305 10.022 µs 2.071 9.591

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.200

peer jitter 10.0.50.200 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.200 4.188 8.911 13.420 32.121 61.886 80.887 92.651 48.466 71.976 15.282 34.535 µs 0.8348 3.971

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.30

peer jitter 10.0.50.30 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.30 0.954 1.322 2.640 9.043 14.914 55.467 85.321 12.274 54.145 7.013 9.785 µs 6.702 61.57

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.40

peer jitter 10.0.50.40 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.40 0.954 1.687 3.085 8.652 16.280 31.143 39.465 13.195 29.456 4.748 9.375 µs 2.113 11.64

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.50

peer jitter 10.0.50.50 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.50 0.003 0.004 0.006 0.013 0.029 0.046 219.657 0.024 0.042 15.760 1.192 ms 13.31 178.3

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Refclock RMS Jitter 127.127.45.0

peer jitter 127.127.45.0 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Refclock RMS Jitter 127.127.45.0 0.954 0.954 0.954 0.954 1.195 10.529 46.858 0.241 9.575 1.885 1.187 µs 12.28 199.5

The RMS Jitter of a local refclock. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Summary


Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Frequency Offset 21.677 21.677 21.678 21.680 21.690 21.691 21.704 0.0120 0.0140 0.0046 21.683 ppm 0.5423 1.903
Local Clock Time Offset -10.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 0.998 1.000 46.998 1.998 3.000 1.440 -0.006 µs 19.54 544.1
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 0.037 0.059 0.092 0.199 0.929 3.636 8.115 0.837 3.577 0.625 0.323 ppb 6.513 54.79
Local RMS Time Jitter 0.954 0.955 0.958 0.972 2.874 10.959 25.464 1.916 10.004 1.809 1.364 µs 6.816 59.69
Refclock Offset 127.127.45.0 -10.001 -2.001 -1.001 -0.001 0.999 1.000 46.999 2.000 3.001 1.440 -0.007 µs 19.53 544
Refclock RMS Jitter 127.127.45.0 0.954 0.954 0.954 0.954 1.195 10.529 46.858 0.241 9.575 1.885 1.187 µs 12.28 199.5
Server Jitter 10.0.50.100 0.954 1.218 1.596 6.988 15.154 20.514 28.004 13.558 19.296 4.494 7.266 µs 0.9403 4.539
Server Jitter 10.0.50.20 1.464 2.242 4.235 9.102 18.796 34.803 37.327 14.561 32.561 5.305 10.022 µs 2.071 9.591
Server Jitter 10.0.50.200 4.188 8.911 13.420 32.121 61.886 80.887 92.651 48.466 71.976 15.282 34.535 µs 0.8348 3.971
Server Jitter 10.0.50.30 0.954 1.322 2.640 9.043 14.914 55.467 85.321 12.274 54.145 7.013 9.785 µs 6.702 61.57
Server Jitter 10.0.50.40 0.954 1.687 3.085 8.652 16.280 31.143 39.465 13.195 29.456 4.748 9.375 µs 2.113 11.64
Server Jitter 10.0.50.50 0.003 0.004 0.006 0.013 0.029 0.046 219.657 0.024 0.042 15.760 1.192 ms 13.31 178.3
Server Offset 10.0.50.100 11.142 19.931 25.521 34.060 41.134 41.700 42.471 15.613 21.769 5.166 34.210 µs -0.6542 3.74
Server Offset 10.0.50.20 -14.407 -11.705 7.682 23.133 32.270 34.070 36.967 24.588 45.775 9.163 21.636 µs -1.02 4.349
Server Offset 10.0.50.200 -35.183 -16.016 3.615 50.404 85.109 98.321 104.805 81.494 114.337 26.943 47.037 µs -0.3198 2.391
Server Offset 10.0.50.30 -32.547 -10.719 42.178 47.795 57.432 60.000 61.544 15.254 70.719 8.013 47.259 µs -5.964 53.23
Server Offset 10.0.50.40 -9.119 -3.939 14.522 22.583 33.259 35.457 36.285 18.737 39.396 6.125 22.360 µs -1.119 8.071
Server Offset 10.0.50.50 1.681 28.348 38.162 55.304 72.558 85.103 101.473 34.396 56.755 10.950 55.512 µs -0.005006 4.853
TDOP 0.230 0.230 0.230 0.240 0.250 0.270 0.270 0.020 0.040 0.007 0.243 1.309 5.962
Temp BOARD 51.000 51.000 51.000 51.880 52.880 52.880 52.880 1.880 1.880 0.426 51.949 °C
Temp CPU 51.000 51.120 52.000 52.250 52.620 52.880 52.880 0.620 1.760 0.277 52.246 °C
Temp OSC 42.620 42.630 42.650 42.700 42.750 42.770 42.790 0.100 0.140 0.031 42.702 °C
nSats 14.000 14.000 15.000 17.000 19.000 19.000 19.000 4.000 5.000 0.979 17.067 nSat -0.3296 3.18
Summary as CSV file

Our production NTP servers share the same mast-mounted Tallysman Accutenna® TW3972 Triple Band GNSS Antenna + L-band Correction Services antenna using a Tallysman TW164 1-to-4 Port Smart Power GNSS Signal Splitter. No external NTP servers are contacted and all servers, with the exception of NTP6, the LeoNTP 1200, poll each other. Internal NTP clients poll NTP4 or NTP6.

The LeoNTP 1200 is a black-box appliance that doesn't support timing reporting. Its status can be checked by viwing the Server Jitter & Offset from any of the other servers. It can be found at NTP7 or leontp.bollar.com (10.0.50.100). The LeoNTP link above will take you to the Server Jitter between the LeoNTP and the currently selected server.

NTPQ Stats

NTPQ Statistics are not not available for this NTP server.'

GNSS Performance

GNSS Performance is not available for this NTP server.'

Glossary:

frequency offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated frequency and the local system clock frequency (usually in parts per million, ppm)
jitter, dispersion:
The short term change in a value. NTP measures Local Time Jitter, Refclock Jitter, and Server Jitter in seconds. Local Frequency Jitter is in ppm or ppb.
ms, millisecond:
One thousandth of a second = 0.001 seconds, 1e-3 seconds
mu, mean:
The arithmetic mean: the sum of all the values divided by the number of values. The formula for mu is: "mu = (∑xi) / N". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
ns, nanosecond:
One billionth of a second, also one thousandth of a microsecond, 0.000000001 seconds and 1e-9 seconds.
percentile:
The value below which a given percentage of values fall.
ppb, parts per billion:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppb, one in one billion, 1/1,000,000,000, 0.000,000,001, 1e-9 and 0.000,000,1%
ppm, parts per million:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppm, one in one million, 1/1,000,000, 0.000,001, and 0.000,1%
‰, parts per thousand:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ‰. one in one thousand, 1/1,000, 0.001, and 0.1%
refclock:
Reference clock, a local GPS module or other local source of time.
remote clock:
Any clock reached over the network, LAN or WAN. Also called a peer or server.
time offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock's time. Also called phase offset.
σ, sigma:
Sigma denotes the standard deviation (SD) and is centered on the arithmetic mean of the data set. The SD is simply the square root of the variance of the data set. Two sigma is simply twice the standard deviation. Three sigma is three times sigma. Smaller is better.
The formula for sigma is: "σ = √[ ∑(xi-mu)^2 / N ]". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
Skewness, Skew:
The skewness of a random variable X is the third standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses the FIsher-Pearson moment of skewness. There are other different ways to calculate Skewness Wikipedia describes Skewness best: "The qualitative interpretation of the skew is complicated and unintuitive."
A normal distribution has a skewness of zero.
Kurtosis, Kurt:
The kurtosis of a random variable X is the fourth standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses standard Kurtosis. There are other different ways to calculate Kurtosis.
A normal distribution has a Kurtosis of three. NIST describes a kurtosis over three as "heavy tailed" and one under three as "light tailed".
upstream clock:
Any server or reference clock used as a source of time.
µs, us, microsecond:
One millionth of a second, also one thousandth of a millisecond, 0.000,001 seconds, and 1e-6 seconds.



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