NTPsec

NTP4: SecureSync, Rubidium, NTP (Classic)
Three Day - July 31, 2026 04:00 UTC

Report generated: Fri Jul 31 04:08:13 2026 UTC
Start Time: Tue Jul 28 04:08:13 2026 UTC
End Time: Fri Jul 31 04:08:13 2026 UTC
Report Period: 3.0 days

Return to It's About Time

Section Time Frame NTP Server
Local Clock Time/Frequency Offsets One Hour NTP0: x86 SBC, NTPSec, NTP-disciplined (stratum 2)
Local RMS Time Jitter Three Hour NTP1: RPi4B, Uputronics M8, NTPSec
Local RMS Frequency Jitter Six Hour NTP2: CM4, Bollar ZED-F9T, NTPSec
Local Clock Time Offset Histogram Twelve Hour NTP3: CM5, TimeHat LEA-M8T, NTPSec
Local Temperatures One Day NTP4: SecureSync, Rubidium, NTP (Classic)
Local Frequency/Temp Two Day NTP5: RPi3B+, Uputronics MAX-M8Q, NTPSec
Local GPS Three Day NTP6: CM4, TimeBeat OTC Mini, PTP
Server Offsets Seven Day NTP7: LeoNTP, Standalone GNSS, Firmware
Server Jitters Fourteen Day (Updated Daily)
Summary One Month (Updated Daily)
NTPQ Stats
GNSS Performance

NTP4 is a Safran SecureSync 1200 appliance with a Rubidium oscillator and u-blox timing GNSS receiver. It is used as a highly stable atomic reference clock for the network.

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Local Clock Time/Frequency Offsets

local offset plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Time Offset -282.106 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 1.000 2.000 230.998 2.000 4.000 4.569 -0.013 µs 7.568 1883
Local Clock Frequency Offset 9.867 9.883 9.937 10.125 10.168 10.226 10.714 0.231 0.343 0.073 10.102 ppm -0.8434 8.848

The time and frequency offsets between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock. Showing frequency offset (red, in parts per million, scale on right) and the time offset (blue, in μs, scale on left). Quick changes in time offset will lead to larger frequency offsets.

These are fields 3 (time) and 4 (frequency) from the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Time Jitter

local jitter plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Time Jitter 0.954 0.955 0.958 0.971 1.090 1.386 132.395 0.132 0.431 3.139 1.166 µs 24.86 728.2

The RMS Jitter of the local clock offset. In other words, how fast the local clock offset is changing.

Lower is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0μs.

RMS jitter is field 5 in the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Frequency Jitter

local stability plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 0.012 0.060 0.105 0.217 0.782 1.496 66.967 0.677 1.436 1.887 0.374 ppb 23.38 628.1

The RMS Frequency Jitter (aka wander) of the local clock's frequency. In other words, how fast the local clock changes frequency.

Lower is better. An ideal clock would be a horizontal line at 0ppm.

RMS Frequency Jitter is field 6 in the loopstats log file.



Local Clock Time Offset Histogram

local offset histogram plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Offset -282.106 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 1.000 2.000 230.998 2.000 4.000 4.569 -0.013 µs 7.568 1883

The clock offsets of the local clock as a histogram.

The Local Clock Offset is field 3 from the loopstats log file.



Local Temperatures

local temps plot

Local temperatures. These will be site-specific depending upon what temperature sensors you collect data from. Temperature changes affect the local clock crystal frequency and stability. The math of how temperature changes frequency is complex, and also depends on crystal aging. So there is no easy way to correct for it in software. This is the single most important component of frequency drift.

The Local Temperatures are from field 3 from the tempstats log file.



Local Frequency/Temp

local freq temps plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Frequency Offset 9.867 9.883 9.937 10.125 10.168 10.226 10.714 0.231 0.343 0.073 10.102 ppm -0.8434 8.848
Temp BOARD 48.750 49.500 58.000 58.880 61.120 61.750 61.880 3.120 12.250 1.718 58.836 °C
Temp CPU 48.000 49.750 58.000 59.250 61.380 61.880 62.880 3.380 12.130 1.719 59.136 °C
Temp OSC 40.100 40.900 47.430 48.800 50.590 51.070 51.740 3.160 10.170 1.430 48.737 °C

The frequency offsets and temperatures. Showing frequency offset (red, in parts per million, scale on right) and the temperatures.

These are field 4 (frequency) from the loopstats log file, and field 3 from the tempstats log file.



Local GPS

local gps plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
nSats 17.000 18.000 19.000 22.000 25.000 26.000 27.000 6.000 8.000 1.814 22.368 nSat -0.04992 2.825
TDOP 0.180 0.180 0.190 0.190 0.200 0.200 0.210 0.010 0.020 0.005 0.193 0.3359 2.558

Local GPS. The Time Dilution of Precision (TDOP) is plotted in blue. The number of visible satellites (nSat) is plotted in red.

TDOP is field 3, and nSats is field 4, from the gpsd log file. The gpsd log file is created by the ntploggps program.

TDOP is a dimensionless error factor. Smaller numbers are better. TDOP ranges from 1 (ideal), 2 to 5 (good), to greater than 20 (poor). Some GNSS receivers report TDOP less than one which is theoretically impossible.



Server Offsets

peer offsets plot

The offset of all refclocks and servers. This can be useful to see if offset changes are happening in a single clock or all clocks together.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.100

peer offset 10.0.50.100 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.100 -322.490 -7.224 8.498 31.417 39.777 42.477 220.504 31.279 49.701 27.202 24.210 µs -8.882 106.4

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.20

peer offset 10.0.50.20 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.20 -344.972 -30.732 -9.405 20.214 30.400 32.400 189.205 39.805 63.132 28.482 14.662 µs -8.636 98.65

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.200

peer offset 10.0.50.200 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.200 -88.440 -44.550 -21.020 23.087 55.513 85.682 106.418 76.533 130.232 24.388 21.475 µs -0.2789 4.094

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.30

peer offset 10.0.50.30 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.30 -312.856 -7.446 22.009 47.411 58.415 60.422 227.537 36.406 67.868 28.578 40.057 µs -7.952 90.26

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.40

peer offset 10.0.50.40 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.40 -331.466 -18.591 -3.087 23.427 32.280 34.160 213.777 35.367 52.751 26.708 15.764 µs -8.452 103.1

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.50

peer offset 10.0.50.50 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.50 -290.636 7.972 54.460 83.300 99.515 103.706 239.464 45.055 95.734 29.840 78.780 µs -7.638 81.82

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Refclock Offset 127.127.45.0

peer offset 127.127.45.0 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Refclock Offset 127.127.45.0 -19.000 -2.001 -1.001 -0.001 1.000 2.000 230.999 2.001 4.001 2.881 0.004 µs 55.71 3857

The offset of a local refclock in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local serial GPS 200 ms; local PPS 20µs.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitters

peer jitters plot

The RMS Jitter of all refclocks and servers. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.100

peer jitter 10.0.50.100 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.100 0.954 1.613 2.375 8.249 30.028 40.517 267.247 27.653 38.904 12.725 13.715 µs 5.237 81.27

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.20

peer jitter 10.0.50.20 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.20 0.954 1.939 2.720 8.403 36.299 45.710 270.203 33.579 43.771 14.120 15.164 µs 3.474 43.72

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.200

peer jitter 10.0.50.200 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.200 0.954 6.605 10.801 29.176 61.211 96.886 552.522 50.410 90.281 26.866 33.148 µs 9.194 144.2

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.30

peer jitter 10.0.50.30 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.30 0.954 2.079 2.988 9.639 33.861 52.945 262.965 30.873 50.866 13.516 15.309 µs 3.796 47.44

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.40

peer jitter 10.0.50.40 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.40 0.954 1.961 2.702 8.422 30.860 42.800 273.621 28.158 40.839 14.258 14.257 µs 6.06 83.13

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.50

peer jitter 10.0.50.50 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.50 0.954 4.664 6.532 17.764 43.449 65.235 256.878 36.917 60.571 14.811 21.296 µs 4.163 48.42

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Refclock RMS Jitter 127.127.45.0

peer jitter 127.127.45.0 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Refclock RMS Jitter 127.127.45.0 0.954 0.954 0.954 0.954 1.001 1.362 209.406 0.047 0.408 2.816 1.049 µs 49.15 2770

The RMS Jitter of a local refclock. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Summary


Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Frequency Offset 9.867 9.883 9.937 10.125 10.168 10.226 10.714 0.231 0.343 0.073 10.102 ppm -0.8434 8.848
Local Clock Time Offset -282.106 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 1.000 2.000 230.998 2.000 4.000 4.569 -0.013 µs 7.568 1883
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 0.012 0.060 0.105 0.217 0.782 1.496 66.967 0.677 1.436 1.887 0.374 ppb 23.38 628.1
Local RMS Time Jitter 0.954 0.955 0.958 0.971 1.090 1.386 132.395 0.132 0.431 3.139 1.166 µs 24.86 728.2
Refclock Offset 127.127.45.0 -19.000 -2.001 -1.001 -0.001 1.000 2.000 230.999 2.001 4.001 2.881 0.004 µs 55.71 3857
Refclock RMS Jitter 127.127.45.0 0.954 0.954 0.954 0.954 1.001 1.362 209.406 0.047 0.408 2.816 1.049 µs 49.15 2770
Server Jitter 10.0.50.100 0.954 1.613 2.375 8.249 30.028 40.517 267.247 27.653 38.904 12.725 13.715 µs 5.237 81.27
Server Jitter 10.0.50.20 0.954 1.939 2.720 8.403 36.299 45.710 270.203 33.579 43.771 14.120 15.164 µs 3.474 43.72
Server Jitter 10.0.50.200 0.954 6.605 10.801 29.176 61.211 96.886 552.522 50.410 90.281 26.866 33.148 µs 9.194 144.2
Server Jitter 10.0.50.30 0.954 2.079 2.988 9.639 33.861 52.945 262.965 30.873 50.866 13.516 15.309 µs 3.796 47.44
Server Jitter 10.0.50.40 0.954 1.961 2.702 8.422 30.860 42.800 273.621 28.158 40.839 14.258 14.257 µs 6.06 83.13
Server Jitter 10.0.50.50 0.954 4.664 6.532 17.764 43.449 65.235 256.878 36.917 60.571 14.811 21.296 µs 4.163 48.42
Server Offset 10.0.50.100 -322.490 -7.224 8.498 31.417 39.777 42.477 220.504 31.279 49.701 27.202 24.210 µs -8.882 106.4
Server Offset 10.0.50.20 -344.972 -30.732 -9.405 20.214 30.400 32.400 189.205 39.805 63.132 28.482 14.662 µs -8.636 98.65
Server Offset 10.0.50.200 -88.440 -44.550 -21.020 23.087 55.513 85.682 106.418 76.533 130.232 24.388 21.475 µs -0.2789 4.094
Server Offset 10.0.50.30 -312.856 -7.446 22.009 47.411 58.415 60.422 227.537 36.406 67.868 28.578 40.057 µs -7.952 90.26
Server Offset 10.0.50.40 -331.466 -18.591 -3.087 23.427 32.280 34.160 213.777 35.367 52.751 26.708 15.764 µs -8.452 103.1
Server Offset 10.0.50.50 -290.636 7.972 54.460 83.300 99.515 103.706 239.464 45.055 95.734 29.840 78.780 µs -7.638 81.82
TDOP 0.180 0.180 0.190 0.190 0.200 0.200 0.210 0.010 0.020 0.005 0.193 0.3359 2.558
Temp BOARD 48.750 49.500 58.000 58.880 61.120 61.750 61.880 3.120 12.250 1.718 58.836 °C
Temp CPU 48.000 49.750 58.000 59.250 61.380 61.880 62.880 3.380 12.130 1.719 59.136 °C
Temp OSC 40.100 40.900 47.430 48.800 50.590 51.070 51.740 3.160 10.170 1.430 48.737 °C
nSats 17.000 18.000 19.000 22.000 25.000 26.000 27.000 6.000 8.000 1.814 22.368 nSat -0.04992 2.825
Summary as CSV file

Our production NTP servers share the same mast-mounted Tallysman Accutenna® TW3972 Triple Band GNSS Antenna + L-band Correction Services antenna using a Tallysman TW164 1-to-4 Port Smart Power GNSS Signal Splitter. No external NTP servers are contacted and all servers, with the exception of NTP6, the LeoNTP 1200, poll each other. Internal NTP clients poll NTP4 or NTP6.

The LeoNTP 1200 is a black-box appliance that doesn't support timing reporting. Its status can be checked by viwing the Server Jitter & Offset from any of the other servers. It can be found at NTP7 or leontp.bollar.com (10.0.50.100). The LeoNTP link above will take you to the Server Jitter between the LeoNTP and the currently selected server.

NTPQ Stats

NTPQ Statistics are not not available for this NTP server.'

GNSS Performance

GNSS Performance is not available for this NTP server.'

Glossary:

frequency offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated frequency and the local system clock frequency (usually in parts per million, ppm)
jitter, dispersion:
The short term change in a value. NTP measures Local Time Jitter, Refclock Jitter, and Server Jitter in seconds. Local Frequency Jitter is in ppm or ppb.
ms, millisecond:
One thousandth of a second = 0.001 seconds, 1e-3 seconds
mu, mean:
The arithmetic mean: the sum of all the values divided by the number of values. The formula for mu is: "mu = (∑xi) / N". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
ns, nanosecond:
One billionth of a second, also one thousandth of a microsecond, 0.000000001 seconds and 1e-9 seconds.
percentile:
The value below which a given percentage of values fall.
ppb, parts per billion:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppb, one in one billion, 1/1,000,000,000, 0.000,000,001, 1e-9 and 0.000,000,1%
ppm, parts per million:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppm, one in one million, 1/1,000,000, 0.000,001, and 0.000,1%
‰, parts per thousand:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ‰. one in one thousand, 1/1,000, 0.001, and 0.1%
refclock:
Reference clock, a local GPS module or other local source of time.
remote clock:
Any clock reached over the network, LAN or WAN. Also called a peer or server.
time offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock's time. Also called phase offset.
σ, sigma:
Sigma denotes the standard deviation (SD) and is centered on the arithmetic mean of the data set. The SD is simply the square root of the variance of the data set. Two sigma is simply twice the standard deviation. Three sigma is three times sigma. Smaller is better.
The formula for sigma is: "σ = √[ ∑(xi-mu)^2 / N ]". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
Skewness, Skew:
The skewness of a random variable X is the third standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses the FIsher-Pearson moment of skewness. There are other different ways to calculate Skewness Wikipedia describes Skewness best: "The qualitative interpretation of the skew is complicated and unintuitive."
A normal distribution has a skewness of zero.
Kurtosis, Kurt:
The kurtosis of a random variable X is the fourth standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses standard Kurtosis. There are other different ways to calculate Kurtosis.
A normal distribution has a Kurtosis of three. NIST describes a kurtosis over three as "heavy tailed" and one under three as "light tailed".
upstream clock:
Any server or reference clock used as a source of time.
µs, us, microsecond:
One millionth of a second, also one thousandth of a millisecond, 0.000,001 seconds, and 1e-6 seconds.



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