NTPsec

NTP4: SecureSync, Rubidium, NTP (Classic)
One Day - July 30, 2026 20:00 UTC

Report generated: Thu Jul 30 20:03:44 2026 UTC
Start Time: Wed Jul 29 20:03:43 2026 UTC
End Time: Thu Jul 30 20:03:43 2026 UTC
Report Period: 1.0 days

Return to It's About Time

Section Time Frame NTP Server
Local Clock Time/Frequency Offsets One Hour NTP0: x86 SBC, NTPSec, NTP-disciplined (stratum 2)
Local RMS Time Jitter Three Hour NTP1: RPi4B, Uputronics M8, NTPSec
Local RMS Frequency Jitter Six Hour NTP2: CM4, Bollar ZED-F9T, NTPSec
Local Clock Time Offset Histogram Twelve Hour NTP3: CM5, TimeHat LEA-M8T, NTPSec
Local Temperatures One Day NTP4: SecureSync, Rubidium, NTP (Classic)
Local Frequency/Temp Two Day NTP5: RPi3B+, Uputronics MAX-M8Q, NTPSec
Local GPS Three Day NTP6: CM4, TimeBeat OTC Mini, PTP
Server Offsets Seven Day NTP7: LeoNTP, Standalone GNSS, Firmware
Server Jitters Fourteen Day (Updated Daily)
Summary One Month (Updated Daily)
NTPQ Stats
GNSS Performance

NTP4 is a Safran SecureSync 1200 appliance with a Rubidium oscillator and u-blox timing GNSS receiver. It is used as a highly stable atomic reference clock for the network.

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Local Clock Time/Frequency Offsets

local offset plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Time Offset -282.106 -7.000 -1.000 0.000 1.000 2.000 230.998 2.000 9.000 6.086 -0.037 µs 6.538 1193
Local Clock Frequency Offset 9.962 9.975 10.079 10.117 10.208 10.290 10.714 0.129 0.315 0.056 10.121 ppm 4.002 37.72

The time and frequency offsets between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock. Showing frequency offset (red, in parts per million, scale on right) and the time offset (blue, in μs, scale on left). Quick changes in time offset will lead to larger frequency offsets.

These are fields 3 (time) and 4 (frequency) from the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Time Jitter

local jitter plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Time Jitter 0.954 0.956 0.959 0.972 1.091 4.383 132.395 0.132 3.427 4.801 1.367 µs 16.7 331.4

The RMS Jitter of the local clock offset. In other words, how fast the local clock offset is changing.

Lower is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0μs.

RMS jitter is field 5 in the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Frequency Jitter

local stability plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 0.024 0.074 0.118 0.228 0.863 8.510 66.967 0.745 8.436 3.323 0.600 ppb 13.51 206.2

The RMS Frequency Jitter (aka wander) of the local clock's frequency. In other words, how fast the local clock changes frequency.

Lower is better. An ideal clock would be a horizontal line at 0ppm.

RMS Frequency Jitter is field 6 in the loopstats log file.



Local Clock Time Offset Histogram

local offset histogram plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Offset -282.106 -7.000 -1.000 0.000 1.000 2.000 230.998 2.000 9.000 6.086 -0.037 µs 6.538 1193

The clock offsets of the local clock as a histogram.

The Local Clock Offset is field 3 from the loopstats log file.



Local Temperatures

local temps plot

Local temperatures. These will be site-specific depending upon what temperature sensors you collect data from. Temperature changes affect the local clock crystal frequency and stability. The math of how temperature changes frequency is complex, and also depends on crystal aging. So there is no easy way to correct for it in software. This is the single most important component of frequency drift.

The Local Temperatures are from field 3 from the tempstats log file.



Local Frequency/Temp

local freq temps plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Frequency Offset 9.962 9.975 10.079 10.117 10.208 10.290 10.714 0.129 0.315 0.056 10.121 ppm 4.002 37.72
Temp BOARD 48.750 49.000 50.380 58.880 59.880 60.750 60.880 9.500 11.750 2.507 58.132 °C
Temp CPU 48.000 49.250 50.500 59.250 59.880 61.000 61.380 9.380 11.750 2.514 58.407 °C
Temp OSC 40.100 40.400 41.740 48.770 49.170 50.180 50.460 7.430 9.780 2.096 48.115 °C

The frequency offsets and temperatures. Showing frequency offset (red, in parts per million, scale on right) and the temperatures.

These are field 4 (frequency) from the loopstats log file, and field 3 from the tempstats log file.



Local GPS

local gps plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
nSats 17.000 19.000 20.000 22.000 25.000 26.000 27.000 5.000 7.000 1.632 22.422 nSat 0.2331 2.782
TDOP 0.180 0.180 0.190 0.190 0.200 0.200 0.210 0.010 0.020 0.005 0.193 0.624 2.795

Local GPS. The Time Dilution of Precision (TDOP) is plotted in blue. The number of visible satellites (nSat) is plotted in red.

TDOP is field 3, and nSats is field 4, from the gpsd log file. The gpsd log file is created by the ntploggps program.

TDOP is a dimensionless error factor. Smaller numbers are better. TDOP ranges from 1 (ideal), 2 to 5 (good), to greater than 20 (poor). Some GNSS receivers report TDOP less than one which is theoretically impossible.



Server Offsets

peer offsets plot

The offset of all refclocks and servers. This can be useful to see if offset changes are happening in a single clock or all clocks together.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.100

peer offset 10.0.50.100 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.100 -322.490 -292.560 7.536 30.951 38.830 40.893 43.636 31.294 333.453 43.901 19.112 µs -6.476 46.82

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.20

peer offset 10.0.50.20 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.20 -344.972 -301.642 -9.178 19.628 30.653 32.569 34.863 39.831 334.211 45.776 9.954 µs -6.235 43.48

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.200

peer offset 10.0.50.200 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.200 -88.440 -45.177 -22.014 22.184 49.701 60.025 82.444 71.715 105.202 22.639 19.260 µs -0.7953 4.003

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.30

peer offset 10.0.50.30 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.30 -312.856 -272.271 7.062 48.061 57.986 59.868 61.792 50.924 332.139 44.983 36.072 µs -6.124 43.25

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.40

peer offset 10.0.50.40 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.40 -331.466 -294.958 -2.957 24.414 32.370 34.104 36.421 35.327 329.062 42.117 13.196 µs -6.626 49.81

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.50

peer offset 10.0.50.50 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.50 -290.636 -237.275 45.374 82.305 99.142 102.856 107.745 53.768 340.131 46.556 73.471 µs -5.839 39.64

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Refclock Offset 127.127.45.0

peer offset 127.127.45.0 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Refclock Offset 127.127.45.0 -19.000 -5.001 -1.001 -0.001 1.000 2.000 230.999 2.001 7.001 5.042 0.010 µs 33.43 1326

The offset of a local refclock in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local serial GPS 200 ms; local PPS 20µs.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitters

peer jitters plot

The RMS Jitter of all refclocks and servers. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.100

peer jitter 10.0.50.100 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.100 0.954 1.739 2.604 8.382 30.127 40.308 187.576 27.523 38.569 11.948 14.184 µs 3.228 40.24

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.20

peer jitter 10.0.50.20 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.20 1.316 2.143 2.822 8.653 35.212 44.648 188.139 32.390 42.505 13.580 15.218 µs 2.606 24.16

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.200

peer jitter 10.0.50.200 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.200 4.688 7.908 11.591 29.535 63.220 137.694 242.163 51.629 129.786 22.162 33.503 µs 3.847 27.96

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.30

peer jitter 10.0.50.30 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.30 1.483 2.197 2.958 8.776 33.336 55.866 172.481 30.378 53.669 13.153 14.803 µs 2.583 21.31

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.40

peer jitter 10.0.50.40 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.40 1.207 2.090 2.764 7.767 30.469 41.021 170.003 27.705 38.931 12.222 13.647 µs 2.769 24.39

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.50

peer jitter 10.0.50.50 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.50 3.751 5.178 6.947 17.878 44.583 68.159 186.917 37.636 62.981 14.800 21.617 µs 3.459 30.46

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Refclock RMS Jitter 127.127.45.0

peer jitter 127.127.45.0 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Refclock RMS Jitter 127.127.45.0 0.954 0.954 0.954 0.954 1.069 1.363 209.406 0.115 0.409 4.961 1.178 µs 28.74 923.3

The RMS Jitter of a local refclock. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Summary


Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Frequency Offset 9.962 9.975 10.079 10.117 10.208 10.290 10.714 0.129 0.315 0.056 10.121 ppm 4.002 37.72
Local Clock Time Offset -282.106 -7.000 -1.000 0.000 1.000 2.000 230.998 2.000 9.000 6.086 -0.037 µs 6.538 1193
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 0.024 0.074 0.118 0.228 0.863 8.510 66.967 0.745 8.436 3.323 0.600 ppb 13.51 206.2
Local RMS Time Jitter 0.954 0.956 0.959 0.972 1.091 4.383 132.395 0.132 3.427 4.801 1.367 µs 16.7 331.4
Refclock Offset 127.127.45.0 -19.000 -5.001 -1.001 -0.001 1.000 2.000 230.999 2.001 7.001 5.042 0.010 µs 33.43 1326
Refclock RMS Jitter 127.127.45.0 0.954 0.954 0.954 0.954 1.069 1.363 209.406 0.115 0.409 4.961 1.178 µs 28.74 923.3
Server Jitter 10.0.50.100 0.954 1.739 2.604 8.382 30.127 40.308 187.576 27.523 38.569 11.948 14.184 µs 3.228 40.24
Server Jitter 10.0.50.20 1.316 2.143 2.822 8.653 35.212 44.648 188.139 32.390 42.505 13.580 15.218 µs 2.606 24.16
Server Jitter 10.0.50.200 4.688 7.908 11.591 29.535 63.220 137.694 242.163 51.629 129.786 22.162 33.503 µs 3.847 27.96
Server Jitter 10.0.50.30 1.483 2.197 2.958 8.776 33.336 55.866 172.481 30.378 53.669 13.153 14.803 µs 2.583 21.31
Server Jitter 10.0.50.40 1.207 2.090 2.764 7.767 30.469 41.021 170.003 27.705 38.931 12.222 13.647 µs 2.769 24.39
Server Jitter 10.0.50.50 3.751 5.178 6.947 17.878 44.583 68.159 186.917 37.636 62.981 14.800 21.617 µs 3.459 30.46
Server Offset 10.0.50.100 -322.490 -292.560 7.536 30.951 38.830 40.893 43.636 31.294 333.453 43.901 19.112 µs -6.476 46.82
Server Offset 10.0.50.20 -344.972 -301.642 -9.178 19.628 30.653 32.569 34.863 39.831 334.211 45.776 9.954 µs -6.235 43.48
Server Offset 10.0.50.200 -88.440 -45.177 -22.014 22.184 49.701 60.025 82.444 71.715 105.202 22.639 19.260 µs -0.7953 4.003
Server Offset 10.0.50.30 -312.856 -272.271 7.062 48.061 57.986 59.868 61.792 50.924 332.139 44.983 36.072 µs -6.124 43.25
Server Offset 10.0.50.40 -331.466 -294.958 -2.957 24.414 32.370 34.104 36.421 35.327 329.062 42.117 13.196 µs -6.626 49.81
Server Offset 10.0.50.50 -290.636 -237.275 45.374 82.305 99.142 102.856 107.745 53.768 340.131 46.556 73.471 µs -5.839 39.64
TDOP 0.180 0.180 0.190 0.190 0.200 0.200 0.210 0.010 0.020 0.005 0.193 0.624 2.795
Temp BOARD 48.750 49.000 50.380 58.880 59.880 60.750 60.880 9.500 11.750 2.507 58.132 °C
Temp CPU 48.000 49.250 50.500 59.250 59.880 61.000 61.380 9.380 11.750 2.514 58.407 °C
Temp OSC 40.100 40.400 41.740 48.770 49.170 50.180 50.460 7.430 9.780 2.096 48.115 °C
nSats 17.000 19.000 20.000 22.000 25.000 26.000 27.000 5.000 7.000 1.632 22.422 nSat 0.2331 2.782
Summary as CSV file

Our production NTP servers share the same mast-mounted Tallysman Accutenna® TW3972 Triple Band GNSS Antenna + L-band Correction Services antenna using a Tallysman TW164 1-to-4 Port Smart Power GNSS Signal Splitter. No external NTP servers are contacted and all servers, with the exception of NTP6, the LeoNTP 1200, poll each other. Internal NTP clients poll NTP4 or NTP6.

The LeoNTP 1200 is a black-box appliance that doesn't support timing reporting. Its status can be checked by viwing the Server Jitter & Offset from any of the other servers. It can be found at NTP7 or leontp.bollar.com (10.0.50.100). The LeoNTP link above will take you to the Server Jitter between the LeoNTP and the currently selected server.

NTPQ Stats

NTPQ Statistics are not not available for this NTP server.'

GNSS Performance

GNSS Performance is not available for this NTP server.'

Glossary:

frequency offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated frequency and the local system clock frequency (usually in parts per million, ppm)
jitter, dispersion:
The short term change in a value. NTP measures Local Time Jitter, Refclock Jitter, and Server Jitter in seconds. Local Frequency Jitter is in ppm or ppb.
ms, millisecond:
One thousandth of a second = 0.001 seconds, 1e-3 seconds
mu, mean:
The arithmetic mean: the sum of all the values divided by the number of values. The formula for mu is: "mu = (∑xi) / N". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
ns, nanosecond:
One billionth of a second, also one thousandth of a microsecond, 0.000000001 seconds and 1e-9 seconds.
percentile:
The value below which a given percentage of values fall.
ppb, parts per billion:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppb, one in one billion, 1/1,000,000,000, 0.000,000,001, 1e-9 and 0.000,000,1%
ppm, parts per million:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppm, one in one million, 1/1,000,000, 0.000,001, and 0.000,1%
‰, parts per thousand:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ‰. one in one thousand, 1/1,000, 0.001, and 0.1%
refclock:
Reference clock, a local GPS module or other local source of time.
remote clock:
Any clock reached over the network, LAN or WAN. Also called a peer or server.
time offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock's time. Also called phase offset.
σ, sigma:
Sigma denotes the standard deviation (SD) and is centered on the arithmetic mean of the data set. The SD is simply the square root of the variance of the data set. Two sigma is simply twice the standard deviation. Three sigma is three times sigma. Smaller is better.
The formula for sigma is: "σ = √[ ∑(xi-mu)^2 / N ]". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
Skewness, Skew:
The skewness of a random variable X is the third standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses the FIsher-Pearson moment of skewness. There are other different ways to calculate Skewness Wikipedia describes Skewness best: "The qualitative interpretation of the skew is complicated and unintuitive."
A normal distribution has a skewness of zero.
Kurtosis, Kurt:
The kurtosis of a random variable X is the fourth standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses standard Kurtosis. There are other different ways to calculate Kurtosis.
A normal distribution has a Kurtosis of three. NIST describes a kurtosis over three as "heavy tailed" and one under three as "light tailed".
upstream clock:
Any server or reference clock used as a source of time.
µs, us, microsecond:
One millionth of a second, also one thousandth of a millisecond, 0.000,001 seconds, and 1e-6 seconds.



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