NTPsec

NTP4: SecureSync, Rubidium, NTP (Classic)
Twelve Hour - July 30, 2026 20:00 UTC

Report generated: Thu Jul 30 20:02:38 2026 UTC
Start Time: Thu Jul 30 08:02:38 2026 UTC
End Time: Thu Jul 30 20:02:38 2026 UTC
Report Period: 0.5 days

Return to It's About Time

Section Time Frame NTP Server
Local Clock Time/Frequency Offsets One Hour NTP0: x86 SBC, NTPSec, NTP-disciplined (stratum 2)
Local RMS Time Jitter Three Hour NTP1: RPi4B, Uputronics M8, NTPSec
Local RMS Frequency Jitter Six Hour NTP2: CM4, Bollar ZED-F9T, NTPSec
Local Clock Time Offset Histogram Twelve Hour NTP3: CM5, TimeHat LEA-M8T, NTPSec
Local Temperatures One Day NTP4: SecureSync, Rubidium, NTP (Classic)
Local Frequency/Temp Two Day NTP5: RPi3B+, Uputronics MAX-M8Q, NTPSec
Local GPS Three Day NTP6: CM4, TimeBeat OTC Mini, PTP
Server Offsets Seven Day NTP7: LeoNTP, Standalone GNSS, Firmware
Server Jitters Fourteen Day (Updated Daily)
Summary One Month (Updated Daily)
NTPQ Stats
GNSS Performance

NTP4 is a Safran SecureSync 1200 appliance with a Rubidium oscillator and u-blox timing GNSS receiver. It is used as a highly stable atomic reference clock for the network.

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Local Clock Time/Frequency Offsets

local offset plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Time Offset -282.106 -16.000 -3.000 0.000 1.000 4.000 230.998 4.000 20.000 10.478 -0.106 µs 3.845 405.6
Local Clock Frequency Offset 9.962 9.969 9.989 10.117 10.183 10.564 10.714 0.194 0.595 0.082 10.117 ppm 3.641 24.56

The time and frequency offsets between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock. Showing frequency offset (red, in parts per million, scale on right) and the time offset (blue, in μs, scale on left). Quick changes in time offset will lead to larger frequency offsets.

These are fields 3 (time) and 4 (frequency) from the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Time Jitter

local jitter plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Time Jitter 0.955 0.957 0.960 0.972 1.155 43.193 132.395 0.195 42.236 8.243 2.133 µs 9.573 110.3

The RMS Jitter of the local clock offset. In other words, how fast the local clock offset is changing.

Lower is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0μs.

RMS jitter is field 5 in the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Frequency Jitter

local stability plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 0.049 0.082 0.122 0.227 2.949 34.141 66.967 2.827 34.059 5.680 1.264 ppb 7.729 68.44

The RMS Frequency Jitter (aka wander) of the local clock's frequency. In other words, how fast the local clock changes frequency.

Lower is better. An ideal clock would be a horizontal line at 0ppm.

RMS Frequency Jitter is field 6 in the loopstats log file.



Local Clock Time Offset Histogram

local offset histogram plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Offset -282.106 -16.000 -3.000 0.000 1.000 4.000 230.998 4.000 20.000 10.478 -0.106 µs 3.845 405.6

The clock offsets of the local clock as a histogram.

The Local Clock Offset is field 3 from the loopstats log file.



Local Temperatures

local temps plot

Local temperatures. These will be site-specific depending upon what temperature sensors you collect data from. Temperature changes affect the local clock crystal frequency and stability. The math of how temperature changes frequency is complex, and also depends on crystal aging. So there is no easy way to correct for it in software. This is the single most important component of frequency drift.

The Local Temperatures are from field 3 from the tempstats log file.



Local Frequency/Temp

local freq temps plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Frequency Offset 9.962 9.969 9.989 10.117 10.183 10.564 10.714 0.194 0.595 0.082 10.117 ppm 3.641 24.56
Temp BOARD 58.000 58.000 58.000 58.880 59.880 60.750 60.880 1.880 2.750 0.585 58.967 °C
Temp CPU 58.000 58.000 58.120 59.250 60.120 61.120 61.380 2.000 3.120 0.499 59.243 °C
Temp OSC 48.480 48.540 48.590 48.770 49.490 50.270 50.460 0.900 1.730 0.308 48.835 °C

The frequency offsets and temperatures. Showing frequency offset (red, in parts per million, scale on right) and the temperatures.

These are field 4 (frequency) from the loopstats log file, and field 3 from the tempstats log file.



Local GPS

local gps plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
nSats 18.000 19.000 20.000 22.000 24.000 25.000 26.000 4.000 6.000 1.391 22.081 nSat 0.1102 2.901
TDOP 0.180 0.190 0.190 0.190 0.200 0.200 0.210 0.010 0.010 0.005 0.193 1.096 2.897

Local GPS. The Time Dilution of Precision (TDOP) is plotted in blue. The number of visible satellites (nSat) is plotted in red.

TDOP is field 3, and nSats is field 4, from the gpsd log file. The gpsd log file is created by the ntploggps program.

TDOP is a dimensionless error factor. Smaller numbers are better. TDOP ranges from 1 (ideal), 2 to 5 (good), to greater than 20 (poor). Some GNSS receivers report TDOP less than one which is theoretically impossible.



Server Offsets

peer offsets plot

The offset of all refclocks and servers. This can be useful to see if offset changes are happening in a single clock or all clocks together.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.100

peer offset 10.0.50.100 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.100 -322.490 -309.529 -221.145 24.395 38.589 40.164 41.778 259.734 349.693 71.603 5.713 µs -3.825 16.34

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.20

peer offset 10.0.50.20 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.20 -344.972 -322.632 -292.973 18.428 30.380 33.019 33.552 323.353 355.651 74.811 -3.490 µs -3.652 15.05

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.200

peer offset 10.0.50.200 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.200 -73.124 -42.801 -21.740 24.324 50.024 57.710 75.353 71.764 100.511 22.235 20.682 µs -0.8765 4.011

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.30

peer offset 10.0.50.30 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.30 -312.856 -296.649 -232.310 47.056 58.184 60.492 61.792 290.494 357.141 72.535 23.451 µs -3.712 15.76

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.40

peer offset 10.0.50.40 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.40 -331.466 -316.029 -47.091 23.260 32.052 33.590 36.421 79.143 349.619 68.071 1.579 µs -4.002 18.06

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.50

peer offset 10.0.50.50 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.50 -290.636 -255.013 -219.362 82.048 99.935 102.849 104.751 319.297 357.862 74.156 61.597 µs -3.613 14.98

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Refclock Offset 127.127.45.0

peer offset 127.127.45.0 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Refclock Offset 127.127.45.0 -19.000 -14.001 -2.001 -0.001 1.000 2.000 230.999 3.001 16.001 8.708 0.038 µs 19.56 449.2

The offset of a local refclock in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local serial GPS 200 ms; local PPS 20µs.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitters

peer jitters plot

The RMS Jitter of all refclocks and servers. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.100

peer jitter 10.0.50.100 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.100 0.954 1.691 2.395 9.175 30.203 41.049 187.576 27.808 39.358 14.390 15.745 µs 4.749 53.07

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.20

peer jitter 10.0.50.20 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.20 1.316 2.063 2.822 9.085 36.061 48.615 188.139 33.239 46.552 16.118 16.480 µs 3.788 33.21

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.200

peer jitter 10.0.50.200 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.200 6.229 8.223 11.508 27.323 59.325 83.875 242.163 47.817 75.652 20.589 31.564 µs 4.124 33.47

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.30

peer jitter 10.0.50.30 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.30 1.483 2.197 2.905 9.035 36.592 58.852 172.481 33.687 56.655 15.242 15.850 µs 3.579 30.37

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.40

peer jitter 10.0.50.40 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.40 1.648 2.425 2.912 8.020 31.929 83.094 170.003 29.017 80.669 15.096 15.063 µs 3.586 27.92

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.50

peer jitter 10.0.50.50 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.50 3.978 5.064 6.689 17.305 44.583 83.140 186.917 37.894 78.076 17.775 21.796 µs 4.641 38.17

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Refclock RMS Jitter 127.127.45.0

peer jitter 127.127.45.0 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Refclock RMS Jitter 127.127.45.0 0.954 0.954 0.954 0.954 1.134 1.927 209.406 0.180 0.973 8.600 1.600 µs 16.49 305.2

The RMS Jitter of a local refclock. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Summary


Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Frequency Offset 9.962 9.969 9.989 10.117 10.183 10.564 10.714 0.194 0.595 0.082 10.117 ppm 3.641 24.56
Local Clock Time Offset -282.106 -16.000 -3.000 0.000 1.000 4.000 230.998 4.000 20.000 10.478 -0.106 µs 3.845 405.6
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 0.049 0.082 0.122 0.227 2.949 34.141 66.967 2.827 34.059 5.680 1.264 ppb 7.729 68.44
Local RMS Time Jitter 0.955 0.957 0.960 0.972 1.155 43.193 132.395 0.195 42.236 8.243 2.133 µs 9.573 110.3
Refclock Offset 127.127.45.0 -19.000 -14.001 -2.001 -0.001 1.000 2.000 230.999 3.001 16.001 8.708 0.038 µs 19.56 449.2
Refclock RMS Jitter 127.127.45.0 0.954 0.954 0.954 0.954 1.134 1.927 209.406 0.180 0.973 8.600 1.600 µs 16.49 305.2
Server Jitter 10.0.50.100 0.954 1.691 2.395 9.175 30.203 41.049 187.576 27.808 39.358 14.390 15.745 µs 4.749 53.07
Server Jitter 10.0.50.20 1.316 2.063 2.822 9.085 36.061 48.615 188.139 33.239 46.552 16.118 16.480 µs 3.788 33.21
Server Jitter 10.0.50.200 6.229 8.223 11.508 27.323 59.325 83.875 242.163 47.817 75.652 20.589 31.564 µs 4.124 33.47
Server Jitter 10.0.50.30 1.483 2.197 2.905 9.035 36.592 58.852 172.481 33.687 56.655 15.242 15.850 µs 3.579 30.37
Server Jitter 10.0.50.40 1.648 2.425 2.912 8.020 31.929 83.094 170.003 29.017 80.669 15.096 15.063 µs 3.586 27.92
Server Jitter 10.0.50.50 3.978 5.064 6.689 17.305 44.583 83.140 186.917 37.894 78.076 17.775 21.796 µs 4.641 38.17
Server Offset 10.0.50.100 -322.490 -309.529 -221.145 24.395 38.589 40.164 41.778 259.734 349.693 71.603 5.713 µs -3.825 16.34
Server Offset 10.0.50.20 -344.972 -322.632 -292.973 18.428 30.380 33.019 33.552 323.353 355.651 74.811 -3.490 µs -3.652 15.05
Server Offset 10.0.50.200 -73.124 -42.801 -21.740 24.324 50.024 57.710 75.353 71.764 100.511 22.235 20.682 µs -0.8765 4.011
Server Offset 10.0.50.30 -312.856 -296.649 -232.310 47.056 58.184 60.492 61.792 290.494 357.141 72.535 23.451 µs -3.712 15.76
Server Offset 10.0.50.40 -331.466 -316.029 -47.091 23.260 32.052 33.590 36.421 79.143 349.619 68.071 1.579 µs -4.002 18.06
Server Offset 10.0.50.50 -290.636 -255.013 -219.362 82.048 99.935 102.849 104.751 319.297 357.862 74.156 61.597 µs -3.613 14.98
TDOP 0.180 0.190 0.190 0.190 0.200 0.200 0.210 0.010 0.010 0.005 0.193 1.096 2.897
Temp BOARD 58.000 58.000 58.000 58.880 59.880 60.750 60.880 1.880 2.750 0.585 58.967 °C
Temp CPU 58.000 58.000 58.120 59.250 60.120 61.120 61.380 2.000 3.120 0.499 59.243 °C
Temp OSC 48.480 48.540 48.590 48.770 49.490 50.270 50.460 0.900 1.730 0.308 48.835 °C
nSats 18.000 19.000 20.000 22.000 24.000 25.000 26.000 4.000 6.000 1.391 22.081 nSat 0.1102 2.901
Summary as CSV file

Our production NTP servers share the same mast-mounted Tallysman Accutenna® TW3972 Triple Band GNSS Antenna + L-band Correction Services antenna using a Tallysman TW164 1-to-4 Port Smart Power GNSS Signal Splitter. No external NTP servers are contacted and all servers, with the exception of NTP6, the LeoNTP 1200, poll each other. Internal NTP clients poll NTP4 or NTP6.

The LeoNTP 1200 is a black-box appliance that doesn't support timing reporting. Its status can be checked by viwing the Server Jitter & Offset from any of the other servers. It can be found at NTP7 or leontp.bollar.com (10.0.50.100). The LeoNTP link above will take you to the Server Jitter between the LeoNTP and the currently selected server.

NTPQ Stats

NTPQ Statistics are not not available for this NTP server.'

GNSS Performance

GNSS Performance is not available for this NTP server.'

Glossary:

frequency offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated frequency and the local system clock frequency (usually in parts per million, ppm)
jitter, dispersion:
The short term change in a value. NTP measures Local Time Jitter, Refclock Jitter, and Server Jitter in seconds. Local Frequency Jitter is in ppm or ppb.
ms, millisecond:
One thousandth of a second = 0.001 seconds, 1e-3 seconds
mu, mean:
The arithmetic mean: the sum of all the values divided by the number of values. The formula for mu is: "mu = (∑xi) / N". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
ns, nanosecond:
One billionth of a second, also one thousandth of a microsecond, 0.000000001 seconds and 1e-9 seconds.
percentile:
The value below which a given percentage of values fall.
ppb, parts per billion:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppb, one in one billion, 1/1,000,000,000, 0.000,000,001, 1e-9 and 0.000,000,1%
ppm, parts per million:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppm, one in one million, 1/1,000,000, 0.000,001, and 0.000,1%
‰, parts per thousand:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ‰. one in one thousand, 1/1,000, 0.001, and 0.1%
refclock:
Reference clock, a local GPS module or other local source of time.
remote clock:
Any clock reached over the network, LAN or WAN. Also called a peer or server.
time offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock's time. Also called phase offset.
σ, sigma:
Sigma denotes the standard deviation (SD) and is centered on the arithmetic mean of the data set. The SD is simply the square root of the variance of the data set. Two sigma is simply twice the standard deviation. Three sigma is three times sigma. Smaller is better.
The formula for sigma is: "σ = √[ ∑(xi-mu)^2 / N ]". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
Skewness, Skew:
The skewness of a random variable X is the third standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses the FIsher-Pearson moment of skewness. There are other different ways to calculate Skewness Wikipedia describes Skewness best: "The qualitative interpretation of the skew is complicated and unintuitive."
A normal distribution has a skewness of zero.
Kurtosis, Kurt:
The kurtosis of a random variable X is the fourth standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses standard Kurtosis. There are other different ways to calculate Kurtosis.
A normal distribution has a Kurtosis of three. NIST describes a kurtosis over three as "heavy tailed" and one under three as "light tailed".
upstream clock:
Any server or reference clock used as a source of time.
µs, us, microsecond:
One millionth of a second, also one thousandth of a millisecond, 0.000,001 seconds, and 1e-6 seconds.



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