NTPsec

NTP5: RPi3B+, Uputronics MAX-M8Q, NTPSec
Two Day - July 31, 2026 04:00 UTC

Report generated: Fri Jul 31 04:05:52 2026 UTC
Start Time: Wed Jul 29 04:05:50 2026 UTC
End Time: Fri Jul 31 04:05:50 2026 UTC
Report Period: 2.0 days

Return to It's About Time

Section Time Frame NTP Server
Local Clock Time/Frequency Offsets One Hour NTP0: x86 SBC, NTPSec, NTP-disciplined (stratum 2)
Local RMS Time Jitter Three Hour NTP1: RPi4B, Uputronics M8, NTPSec
Local RMS Frequency Jitter Six Hour NTP2: CM4, Bollar ZED-F9T, NTPSec
Local Clock Time Offset Histogram Twelve Hour NTP3: CM5, TimeHat LEA-M8T, NTPSec
Local Temperatures One Day NTP4: SecureSync, Rubidium, NTP (Classic)
Local Frequency/Temp Two Day NTP5: RPi3B+, Uputronics MAX-M8Q, NTPSec
Local GPS Three Day NTP6: CM4, TimeBeat OTC Mini, PTP
Server Offsets Seven Day NTP7: LeoNTP, Standalone GNSS, Firmware
Server Jitters Fourteen Day (Updated Daily)
Summary One Month (Updated Daily)
NTPQ Stats
GNSS Performance

NTP5 is a Raspberry Pi 3B+ with an older model Uputronics GNSS HAT v. 4.1 using a u-blox MAX-M8Q receiver.

If graphs don't match report time above, force refresh the browser. The images have been cached.


Local Clock Time/Frequency Offsets

local offset plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Time Offset -15.850 -3.577 -2.472 0.067 2.201 3.269 8.561 4.673 6.846 1.268 -0.000 µs -0.3289 5.102
Local Clock Frequency Offset 4.693 4.786 4.861 4.984 5.106 5.157 5.239 0.245 0.371 0.076 4.983 ppm -0.1307 3.277

The time and frequency offsets between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock. Showing frequency offset (red, in parts per million, scale on right) and the time offset (blue, in μs, scale on left). Quick changes in time offset will lead to larger frequency offsets.

These are fields 3 (time) and 4 (frequency) from the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Time Jitter

local jitter plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Time Jitter 0.477 0.660 0.763 1.167 1.741 2.005 9.600 0.978 1.345 0.323 1.202 µs 1.954 30.15

The RMS Jitter of the local clock offset. In other words, how fast the local clock offset is changing.

Lower is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0μs.

RMS jitter is field 5 in the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Frequency Jitter

local stability plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 3.316 5.002 5.707 9.234 14.331 16.157 50.065 8.624 11.155 2.755 9.523 ppb 0.8307 7.237

The RMS Frequency Jitter (aka wander) of the local clock's frequency. In other words, how fast the local clock changes frequency.

Lower is better. An ideal clock would be a horizontal line at 0ppm.

RMS Frequency Jitter is field 6 in the loopstats log file.



Local Clock Time Offset Histogram

local offset histogram plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Offset -15.850 -3.577 -2.472 0.067 2.201 3.269 8.561 4.673 6.846 1.268 -0.000 µs -0.3289 5.102

The clock offsets of the local clock as a histogram.

The Local Clock Offset is field 3 from the loopstats log file.



Local Temperatures

local temps plot

Local temperatures. These will be site-specific depending upon what temperature sensors you collect data from. Temperature changes affect the local clock crystal frequency and stability. The math of how temperature changes frequency is complex, and also depends on crystal aging. So there is no easy way to correct for it in software. This is the single most important component of frequency drift.

The Local Temperatures are from field 3 from the tempstats log file.



Local Frequency/Temp

local freq temps plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Frequency Offset 4.693 4.786 4.861 4.984 5.106 5.157 5.239 0.245 0.371 0.076 4.983 ppm -0.1307 3.277
Temp CPU 50.500 51.500 57.500 59.100 60.100 61.200 62.300 2.600 9.700 1.480 59.113 °C

The frequency offsets and temperatures. Showing frequency offset (red, in parts per million, scale on right) and the temperatures.

These are field 4 (frequency) from the loopstats log file, and field 3 from the tempstats log file.



Local GPS

local gps plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
nSats 12.000 12.000 12.000 12.000 12.000 12.000 20.000 0.000 0.000 0.368 12.027 nSat 14.26 219.4
TDOP 0.440 0.480 0.530 0.640 0.790 0.860 1.050 0.260 0.380 0.081 0.645 0.5756 3.739

Local GPS. The Time Dilution of Precision (TDOP) is plotted in blue. The number of visible satellites (nSat) is plotted in red.

TDOP is field 3, and nSats is field 4, from the gpsd log file. The gpsd log file is created by the ntploggps program.

TDOP is a dimensionless error factor. Smaller numbers are better. TDOP ranges from 1 (ideal), 2 to 5 (good), to greater than 20 (poor). Some GNSS receivers report TDOP less than one which is theoretically impossible.



Server Offsets

peer offsets plot

The offset of all refclocks and servers. This can be useful to see if offset changes are happening in a single clock or all clocks together.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.10

peer offset 10.0.50.10 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.10 -261.307 -195.541 -84.880 -25.653 59.978 219.674 324.703 144.858 415.215 59.157 -24.400 µs 1.243 11.35

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.100

peer offset 10.0.50.100 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.100 -86.917 -75.881 -67.979 -56.497 -45.372 -40.184 1.767 22.607 35.697 7.020 -56.490 µs 0.09258 5.565

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.20

peer offset 10.0.50.20 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.20 -100.414 -82.051 -72.149 -27.927 3.016 12.661 39.058 75.165 94.712 22.535 -30.620 µs -0.3555 2.606

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.200

peer offset 10.0.50.200 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.200 -255.276 -159.764 -78.121 9.506 102.450 252.781 388.883 180.571 412.545 63.275 10.880 µs 0.9879 9.117

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.30

peer offset 10.0.50.30 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.30 -53.622 -26.288 -9.352 8.631 33.333 42.732 52.776 42.685 69.020 12.578 9.315 µs 0.1057 4.238

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.40

peer offset 10.0.50.40 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.40 -91.975 -61.157 -42.405 -11.095 11.531 23.473 40.526 53.936 84.630 16.839 -12.940 µs -0.5118 3.643

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset SHM(0)

peer offset SHM(0) plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset SHM(0) -199.172 -177.447 -173.773 -165.574 -159.203 -157.085 -148.325 14.571 20.362 4.296 -165.745 ms -0.4791 3.56

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset SHM(1)

peer offset SHM(1) plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset SHM(1) -15.851 -3.578 -2.473 0.068 2.202 3.270 8.562 4.675 6.848 1.269 -0.000 µs -0.3287 5.097

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitters

peer jitters plot

The RMS Jitter of all refclocks and servers. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.10

peer jitter 10.0.50.10 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.10 2.609 8.044 11.796 35.670 59.263 71.517 426.429 47.467 63.473 17.709 35.566 µs 4.157 70.64

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.100

peer jitter 10.0.50.100 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.100 1.528 4.388 6.102 12.922 29.380 36.945 133.218 23.278 32.557 7.267 14.482 µs 2.176 16.64

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.20

peer jitter 10.0.50.20 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.20 3.419 11.589 16.307 32.245 59.448 72.927 138.504 43.141 61.338 13.382 34.433 µs 0.8835 4.234

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.200

peer jitter 10.0.50.200 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.200 3.468 7.076 10.909 34.786 70.316 90.234 476.571 59.407 83.158 20.108 37.086 µs 2.803 48.51

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.30

peer jitter 10.0.50.30 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.30 3.452 11.485 15.492 29.432 55.837 69.764 121.315 40.345 58.279 12.432 31.734 µs 1.075 4.732

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.40

peer jitter 10.0.50.40 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.40 6.119 14.369 18.789 34.518 59.907 73.691 117.126 41.118 59.322 12.883 36.409 µs 0.8655 4.228

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter SHM(0)

peer jitter SHM(0) plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter SHM(0) 0.227 0.712 0.956 1.906 4.715 7.166 19.267 3.760 6.454 1.321 2.265 ms 2.446 13.83

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter SHM(1)

peer jitter SHM(1) plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter SHM(1) 0.096 0.345 0.480 1.302 3.553 4.615 16.409 3.073 4.270 0.971 1.546 µs 1.388 6.205

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Summary


Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Frequency Offset 4.693 4.786 4.861 4.984 5.106 5.157 5.239 0.245 0.371 0.076 4.983 ppm -0.1307 3.277
Local Clock Time Offset -15.850 -3.577 -2.472 0.067 2.201 3.269 8.561 4.673 6.846 1.268 -0.000 µs -0.3289 5.102
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 3.316 5.002 5.707 9.234 14.331 16.157 50.065 8.624 11.155 2.755 9.523 ppb 0.8307 7.237
Local RMS Time Jitter 0.477 0.660 0.763 1.167 1.741 2.005 9.600 0.978 1.345 0.323 1.202 µs 1.954 30.15
Server Jitter 10.0.50.10 2.609 8.044 11.796 35.670 59.263 71.517 426.429 47.467 63.473 17.709 35.566 µs 4.157 70.64
Server Jitter 10.0.50.100 1.528 4.388 6.102 12.922 29.380 36.945 133.218 23.278 32.557 7.267 14.482 µs 2.176 16.64
Server Jitter 10.0.50.20 3.419 11.589 16.307 32.245 59.448 72.927 138.504 43.141 61.338 13.382 34.433 µs 0.8835 4.234
Server Jitter 10.0.50.200 3.468 7.076 10.909 34.786 70.316 90.234 476.571 59.407 83.158 20.108 37.086 µs 2.803 48.51
Server Jitter 10.0.50.30 3.452 11.485 15.492 29.432 55.837 69.764 121.315 40.345 58.279 12.432 31.734 µs 1.075 4.732
Server Jitter 10.0.50.40 6.119 14.369 18.789 34.518 59.907 73.691 117.126 41.118 59.322 12.883 36.409 µs 0.8655 4.228
Server Jitter SHM(0) 0.227 0.712 0.956 1.906 4.715 7.166 19.267 3.760 6.454 1.321 2.265 ms 2.446 13.83
Server Jitter SHM(1) 0.096 0.345 0.480 1.302 3.553 4.615 16.409 3.073 4.270 0.971 1.546 µs 1.388 6.205
Server Offset 10.0.50.10 -261.307 -195.541 -84.880 -25.653 59.978 219.674 324.703 144.858 415.215 59.157 -24.400 µs 1.243 11.35
Server Offset 10.0.50.100 -86.917 -75.881 -67.979 -56.497 -45.372 -40.184 1.767 22.607 35.697 7.020 -56.490 µs 0.09258 5.565
Server Offset 10.0.50.20 -100.414 -82.051 -72.149 -27.927 3.016 12.661 39.058 75.165 94.712 22.535 -30.620 µs -0.3555 2.606
Server Offset 10.0.50.200 -255.276 -159.764 -78.121 9.506 102.450 252.781 388.883 180.571 412.545 63.275 10.880 µs 0.9879 9.117
Server Offset 10.0.50.30 -53.622 -26.288 -9.352 8.631 33.333 42.732 52.776 42.685 69.020 12.578 9.315 µs 0.1057 4.238
Server Offset 10.0.50.40 -91.975 -61.157 -42.405 -11.095 11.531 23.473 40.526 53.936 84.630 16.839 -12.940 µs -0.5118 3.643
Server Offset SHM(0) -199.172 -177.447 -173.773 -165.574 -159.203 -157.085 -148.325 14.571 20.362 4.296 -165.745 ms -0.4791 3.56
Server Offset SHM(1) -15.851 -3.578 -2.473 0.068 2.202 3.270 8.562 4.675 6.848 1.269 -0.000 µs -0.3287 5.097
TDOP 0.440 0.480 0.530 0.640 0.790 0.860 1.050 0.260 0.380 0.081 0.645 0.5756 3.739
Temp CPU 50.500 51.500 57.500 59.100 60.100 61.200 62.300 2.600 9.700 1.480 59.113 °C
nSats 12.000 12.000 12.000 12.000 12.000 12.000 20.000 0.000 0.000 0.368 12.027 nSat 14.26 219.4
Summary as CSV file

Our production NTP servers share the same mast-mounted Tallysman Accutenna® TW3972 Triple Band GNSS Antenna + L-band Correction Services antenna using a Tallysman TW164 1-to-4 Port Smart Power GNSS Signal Splitter. No external NTP servers are contacted and all servers, with the exception of NTP6, the LeoNTP 1200, poll each other. Internal NTP clients poll NTP4 or NTP6.

The LeoNTP 1200 is a black-box appliance that doesn't support timing reporting. Its status can be checked by viwing the Server Jitter & Offset from any of the other servers. It can be found at NTP7 or leontp.bollar.com (10.0.50.100). The LeoNTP link above will take you to the Server Jitter between the LeoNTP and the currently selected server.

NTPQ Stats

NTPQ Statistics are not not available for this NTP server.'

GNSS Performance

GNSS Performance is not available for this NTP server.'

Glossary:

frequency offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated frequency and the local system clock frequency (usually in parts per million, ppm)
jitter, dispersion:
The short term change in a value. NTP measures Local Time Jitter, Refclock Jitter, and Server Jitter in seconds. Local Frequency Jitter is in ppm or ppb.
ms, millisecond:
One thousandth of a second = 0.001 seconds, 1e-3 seconds
mu, mean:
The arithmetic mean: the sum of all the values divided by the number of values. The formula for mu is: "mu = (∑xi) / N". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
ns, nanosecond:
One billionth of a second, also one thousandth of a microsecond, 0.000000001 seconds and 1e-9 seconds.
percentile:
The value below which a given percentage of values fall.
ppb, parts per billion:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppb, one in one billion, 1/1,000,000,000, 0.000,000,001, 1e-9 and 0.000,000,1%
ppm, parts per million:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppm, one in one million, 1/1,000,000, 0.000,001, and 0.000,1%
‰, parts per thousand:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ‰. one in one thousand, 1/1,000, 0.001, and 0.1%
refclock:
Reference clock, a local GPS module or other local source of time.
remote clock:
Any clock reached over the network, LAN or WAN. Also called a peer or server.
time offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock's time. Also called phase offset.
σ, sigma:
Sigma denotes the standard deviation (SD) and is centered on the arithmetic mean of the data set. The SD is simply the square root of the variance of the data set. Two sigma is simply twice the standard deviation. Three sigma is three times sigma. Smaller is better.
The formula for sigma is: "σ = √[ ∑(xi-mu)^2 / N ]". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
Skewness, Skew:
The skewness of a random variable X is the third standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses the FIsher-Pearson moment of skewness. There are other different ways to calculate Skewness Wikipedia describes Skewness best: "The qualitative interpretation of the skew is complicated and unintuitive."
A normal distribution has a skewness of zero.
Kurtosis, Kurt:
The kurtosis of a random variable X is the fourth standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses standard Kurtosis. There are other different ways to calculate Kurtosis.
A normal distribution has a Kurtosis of three. NIST describes a kurtosis over three as "heavy tailed" and one under three as "light tailed".
upstream clock:
Any server or reference clock used as a source of time.
µs, us, microsecond:
One millionth of a second, also one thousandth of a millisecond, 0.000,001 seconds, and 1e-6 seconds.



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