NTPsec

NTP5: RPi3B+, Uputronics MAX-M8Q, NTPSec
Two Day - July 31, 2026 06:00 UTC

Report generated: Fri Jul 31 06:06:24 2026 UTC
Start Time: Wed Jul 29 06:06:22 2026 UTC
End Time: Fri Jul 31 06:06:22 2026 UTC
Report Period: 2.0 days

Return to It's About Time

Section Time Frame NTP Server
Local Clock Time/Frequency Offsets One Hour NTP0: x86 SBC, NTPSec, NTP-disciplined (stratum 2)
Local RMS Time Jitter Three Hour NTP1: RPi4B, Uputronics M8, NTPSec
Local RMS Frequency Jitter Six Hour NTP2: CM4, Bollar ZED-F9T, NTPSec
Local Clock Time Offset Histogram Twelve Hour NTP3: CM5, TimeHat LEA-M8T, NTPSec
Local Temperatures One Day NTP4: SecureSync, Rubidium, NTP (Classic)
Local Frequency/Temp Two Day NTP5: RPi3B+, Uputronics MAX-M8Q, NTPSec
Local GPS Three Day NTP6: CM4, TimeBeat OTC Mini, PTP
Server Offsets Seven Day NTP7: LeoNTP, Standalone GNSS, Firmware
Server Jitters Fourteen Day (Updated Daily)
Summary One Month (Updated Daily)
NTPQ Stats
GNSS Performance

NTP5 is a Raspberry Pi 3B+ with an older model Uputronics GNSS HAT v. 4.1 using a u-blox MAX-M8Q receiver.

If graphs don't match report time above, force refresh the browser. The images have been cached.


Local Clock Time/Frequency Offsets

local offset plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Time Offset -15.850 -3.574 -2.469 0.065 2.197 3.267 8.561 4.666 6.841 1.265 -0.000 µs -0.3118 4.841
Local Clock Frequency Offset 4.693 4.786 4.860 4.983 5.105 5.156 5.239 0.245 0.370 0.076 4.982 ppm -0.1308 3.241

The time and frequency offsets between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock. Showing frequency offset (red, in parts per million, scale on right) and the time offset (blue, in μs, scale on left). Quick changes in time offset will lead to larger frequency offsets.

These are fields 3 (time) and 4 (frequency) from the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Time Jitter

local jitter plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Time Jitter 0.477 0.660 0.762 1.166 1.736 1.997 9.600 0.974 1.337 0.318 1.200 µs 1.664 26.33

The RMS Jitter of the local clock offset. In other words, how fast the local clock offset is changing.

Lower is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0μs.

RMS jitter is field 5 in the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Frequency Jitter

local stability plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 3.316 5.000 5.704 9.224 14.309 16.109 50.065 8.605 11.109 2.733 9.507 ppb 0.7187 6.013

The RMS Frequency Jitter (aka wander) of the local clock's frequency. In other words, how fast the local clock changes frequency.

Lower is better. An ideal clock would be a horizontal line at 0ppm.

RMS Frequency Jitter is field 6 in the loopstats log file.



Local Clock Time Offset Histogram

local offset histogram plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Offset -15.850 -3.574 -2.469 0.065 2.197 3.267 8.561 4.666 6.841 1.265 -0.000 µs -0.3118 4.841

The clock offsets of the local clock as a histogram.

The Local Clock Offset is field 3 from the loopstats log file.



Local Temperatures

local temps plot

Local temperatures. These will be site-specific depending upon what temperature sensors you collect data from. Temperature changes affect the local clock crystal frequency and stability. The math of how temperature changes frequency is complex, and also depends on crystal aging. So there is no easy way to correct for it in software. This is the single most important component of frequency drift.

The Local Temperatures are from field 3 from the tempstats log file.



Local Frequency/Temp

local freq temps plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Frequency Offset 4.693 4.786 4.860 4.983 5.105 5.156 5.239 0.245 0.370 0.076 4.982 ppm -0.1308 3.241
Temp CPU 50.500 51.500 57.500 59.100 60.100 61.200 62.300 2.600 9.700 1.482 59.124 °C

The frequency offsets and temperatures. Showing frequency offset (red, in parts per million, scale on right) and the temperatures.

These are field 4 (frequency) from the loopstats log file, and field 3 from the tempstats log file.



Local GPS

local gps plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
nSats 12.000 12.000 12.000 12.000 12.000 12.000 20.000 0.000 0.000 0.372 12.029 nSat 13.95 210.9
TDOP 0.440 0.480 0.530 0.640 0.790 0.860 1.050 0.260 0.380 0.081 0.646 0.5865 3.77

Local GPS. The Time Dilution of Precision (TDOP) is plotted in blue. The number of visible satellites (nSat) is plotted in red.

TDOP is field 3, and nSats is field 4, from the gpsd log file. The gpsd log file is created by the ntploggps program.

TDOP is a dimensionless error factor. Smaller numbers are better. TDOP ranges from 1 (ideal), 2 to 5 (good), to greater than 20 (poor). Some GNSS receivers report TDOP less than one which is theoretically impossible.



Server Offsets

peer offsets plot

The offset of all refclocks and servers. This can be useful to see if offset changes are happening in a single clock or all clocks together.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.10

peer offset 10.0.50.10 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.10 -261.307 -195.541 -110.923 -25.064 63.473 219.674 324.703 174.396 415.215 60.673 -23.922 µs 1.107 10.36

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.100

peer offset 10.0.50.100 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.100 -86.917 -75.928 -68.055 -56.478 -45.390 -40.273 1.767 22.665 35.655 7.016 -56.492 µs 0.07807 5.534

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.20

peer offset 10.0.50.20 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.20 -100.414 -82.051 -72.127 -27.924 3.102 12.569 39.058 75.229 94.620 22.540 -30.577 µs -0.3567 2.601

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.200

peer offset 10.0.50.200 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.200 -255.276 -159.694 -86.737 10.240 104.880 252.401 388.883 191.617 412.095 64.546 11.427 µs 0.8936 8.481

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.30

peer offset 10.0.50.30 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.30 -53.622 -26.479 -9.402 8.594 33.131 42.641 52.776 42.533 69.120 12.563 9.232 µs 0.1008 4.242

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 10.0.50.40

peer offset 10.0.50.40 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 10.0.50.40 -92.328 -62.194 -42.591 -11.163 11.501 23.473 40.526 54.092 85.667 16.938 -13.020 µs -0.5223 3.676

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset SHM(0)

peer offset SHM(0) plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset SHM(0) -199.172 -177.455 -173.825 -165.567 -159.418 -157.229 -148.325 14.407 20.226 4.258 -165.792 ms -0.5141 3.606

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset SHM(1)

peer offset SHM(1) plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset SHM(1) -15.851 -3.575 -2.470 0.066 2.198 3.268 8.562 4.668 6.843 1.266 -0.000 µs -0.3116 4.837

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitters

peer jitters plot

The RMS Jitter of all refclocks and servers. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.10

peer jitter 10.0.50.10 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.10 2.609 7.985 11.736 35.683 59.396 72.243 426.429 47.660 64.258 17.897 35.598 µs 4.186 69.2

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.100

peer jitter 10.0.50.100 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.100 1.528 4.399 6.139 12.971 29.380 36.920 133.218 23.241 32.521 7.313 14.532 µs 2.32 18.6

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.20

peer jitter 10.0.50.20 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.20 3.419 11.599 16.307 32.281 59.533 72.943 138.504 43.226 61.344 13.414 34.451 µs 0.8863 4.251

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.200

peer jitter 10.0.50.200 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.200 3.468 7.108 10.933 34.657 70.401 90.461 476.571 59.468 83.353 20.138 37.041 µs 2.797 48.16

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.30

peer jitter 10.0.50.30 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.30 3.452 11.614 15.571 29.439 55.853 69.915 121.315 40.282 58.301 12.439 31.774 µs 1.091 4.812

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 10.0.50.40

peer jitter 10.0.50.40 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 10.0.50.40 6.119 14.303 18.745 34.515 59.911 73.755 117.126 41.166 59.452 12.899 36.404 µs 0.866 4.235

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter SHM(0)

peer jitter SHM(0) plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter SHM(0) 0.227 0.719 0.959 1.907 4.716 7.167 19.267 3.757 6.448 1.321 2.267 ms 2.455 13.9

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter SHM(1)

peer jitter SHM(1) plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter SHM(1) 0.096 0.344 0.480 1.300 3.546 4.605 16.409 3.066 4.261 0.967 1.544 µs 1.344 5.542

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Summary


Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Frequency Offset 4.693 4.786 4.860 4.983 5.105 5.156 5.239 0.245 0.370 0.076 4.982 ppm -0.1308 3.241
Local Clock Time Offset -15.850 -3.574 -2.469 0.065 2.197 3.267 8.561 4.666 6.841 1.265 -0.000 µs -0.3118 4.841
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 3.316 5.000 5.704 9.224 14.309 16.109 50.065 8.605 11.109 2.733 9.507 ppb 0.7187 6.013
Local RMS Time Jitter 0.477 0.660 0.762 1.166 1.736 1.997 9.600 0.974 1.337 0.318 1.200 µs 1.664 26.33
Server Jitter 10.0.50.10 2.609 7.985 11.736 35.683 59.396 72.243 426.429 47.660 64.258 17.897 35.598 µs 4.186 69.2
Server Jitter 10.0.50.100 1.528 4.399 6.139 12.971 29.380 36.920 133.218 23.241 32.521 7.313 14.532 µs 2.32 18.6
Server Jitter 10.0.50.20 3.419 11.599 16.307 32.281 59.533 72.943 138.504 43.226 61.344 13.414 34.451 µs 0.8863 4.251
Server Jitter 10.0.50.200 3.468 7.108 10.933 34.657 70.401 90.461 476.571 59.468 83.353 20.138 37.041 µs 2.797 48.16
Server Jitter 10.0.50.30 3.452 11.614 15.571 29.439 55.853 69.915 121.315 40.282 58.301 12.439 31.774 µs 1.091 4.812
Server Jitter 10.0.50.40 6.119 14.303 18.745 34.515 59.911 73.755 117.126 41.166 59.452 12.899 36.404 µs 0.866 4.235
Server Jitter SHM(0) 0.227 0.719 0.959 1.907 4.716 7.167 19.267 3.757 6.448 1.321 2.267 ms 2.455 13.9
Server Jitter SHM(1) 0.096 0.344 0.480 1.300 3.546 4.605 16.409 3.066 4.261 0.967 1.544 µs 1.344 5.542
Server Offset 10.0.50.10 -261.307 -195.541 -110.923 -25.064 63.473 219.674 324.703 174.396 415.215 60.673 -23.922 µs 1.107 10.36
Server Offset 10.0.50.100 -86.917 -75.928 -68.055 -56.478 -45.390 -40.273 1.767 22.665 35.655 7.016 -56.492 µs 0.07807 5.534
Server Offset 10.0.50.20 -100.414 -82.051 -72.127 -27.924 3.102 12.569 39.058 75.229 94.620 22.540 -30.577 µs -0.3567 2.601
Server Offset 10.0.50.200 -255.276 -159.694 -86.737 10.240 104.880 252.401 388.883 191.617 412.095 64.546 11.427 µs 0.8936 8.481
Server Offset 10.0.50.30 -53.622 -26.479 -9.402 8.594 33.131 42.641 52.776 42.533 69.120 12.563 9.232 µs 0.1008 4.242
Server Offset 10.0.50.40 -92.328 -62.194 -42.591 -11.163 11.501 23.473 40.526 54.092 85.667 16.938 -13.020 µs -0.5223 3.676
Server Offset SHM(0) -199.172 -177.455 -173.825 -165.567 -159.418 -157.229 -148.325 14.407 20.226 4.258 -165.792 ms -0.5141 3.606
Server Offset SHM(1) -15.851 -3.575 -2.470 0.066 2.198 3.268 8.562 4.668 6.843 1.266 -0.000 µs -0.3116 4.837
TDOP 0.440 0.480 0.530 0.640 0.790 0.860 1.050 0.260 0.380 0.081 0.646 0.5865 3.77
Temp CPU 50.500 51.500 57.500 59.100 60.100 61.200 62.300 2.600 9.700 1.482 59.124 °C
nSats 12.000 12.000 12.000 12.000 12.000 12.000 20.000 0.000 0.000 0.372 12.029 nSat 13.95 210.9
Summary as CSV file

Our production NTP servers share the same mast-mounted Tallysman Accutenna® TW3972 Triple Band GNSS Antenna + L-band Correction Services antenna using a Tallysman TW164 1-to-4 Port Smart Power GNSS Signal Splitter. No external NTP servers are contacted and all servers, with the exception of NTP6, the LeoNTP 1200, poll each other. Internal NTP clients poll NTP4 or NTP6.

The LeoNTP 1200 is a black-box appliance that doesn't support timing reporting. Its status can be checked by viwing the Server Jitter & Offset from any of the other servers. It can be found at NTP7 or leontp.bollar.com (10.0.50.100). The LeoNTP link above will take you to the Server Jitter between the LeoNTP and the currently selected server.

NTPQ Stats

NTPQ Statistics are not not available for this NTP server.'

GNSS Performance

GNSS Performance is not available for this NTP server.'

Glossary:

frequency offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated frequency and the local system clock frequency (usually in parts per million, ppm)
jitter, dispersion:
The short term change in a value. NTP measures Local Time Jitter, Refclock Jitter, and Server Jitter in seconds. Local Frequency Jitter is in ppm or ppb.
ms, millisecond:
One thousandth of a second = 0.001 seconds, 1e-3 seconds
mu, mean:
The arithmetic mean: the sum of all the values divided by the number of values. The formula for mu is: "mu = (∑xi) / N". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
ns, nanosecond:
One billionth of a second, also one thousandth of a microsecond, 0.000000001 seconds and 1e-9 seconds.
percentile:
The value below which a given percentage of values fall.
ppb, parts per billion:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppb, one in one billion, 1/1,000,000,000, 0.000,000,001, 1e-9 and 0.000,000,1%
ppm, parts per million:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppm, one in one million, 1/1,000,000, 0.000,001, and 0.000,1%
‰, parts per thousand:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ‰. one in one thousand, 1/1,000, 0.001, and 0.1%
refclock:
Reference clock, a local GPS module or other local source of time.
remote clock:
Any clock reached over the network, LAN or WAN. Also called a peer or server.
time offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock's time. Also called phase offset.
σ, sigma:
Sigma denotes the standard deviation (SD) and is centered on the arithmetic mean of the data set. The SD is simply the square root of the variance of the data set. Two sigma is simply twice the standard deviation. Three sigma is three times sigma. Smaller is better.
The formula for sigma is: "σ = √[ ∑(xi-mu)^2 / N ]". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
Skewness, Skew:
The skewness of a random variable X is the third standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses the FIsher-Pearson moment of skewness. There are other different ways to calculate Skewness Wikipedia describes Skewness best: "The qualitative interpretation of the skew is complicated and unintuitive."
A normal distribution has a skewness of zero.
Kurtosis, Kurt:
The kurtosis of a random variable X is the fourth standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses standard Kurtosis. There are other different ways to calculate Kurtosis.
A normal distribution has a Kurtosis of three. NIST describes a kurtosis over three as "heavy tailed" and one under three as "light tailed".
upstream clock:
Any server or reference clock used as a source of time.
µs, us, microsecond:
One millionth of a second, also one thousandth of a millisecond, 0.000,001 seconds, and 1e-6 seconds.



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